Community Health Care

It is well known that genetic heredity influences the development of many diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Prenatal, individual and caregiver factors influence development. Fetal development can be altered by maternal age with risk greater I those younger than 15 years of age or older than 35 years of age, substance abuse, inadequate prenatal care, inadequate prenatal vitamins, and inadequate maternal nutrition.

Individual factors that might result in altered development from birth through adolescences accidents, or abuse, vision and hearing impairments, chronic illness, inadequate nutrition, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, lead poisoning, poverty, and substance abuse. Environment and nutrition influence all stages of development include poverty and violence. The effect of each can occur independently, but they are more likely to be interrelated, as seen in these examples. Infants who are malnourished in utero develop fewer brain cells than infants who have had adequate prenatal nutrition. Substance abuse by a pregnant woman increases the risk of congenital malformation, low birth weight, and prematurity in her developing fetus.

Federally sponsored school meal programs support enhanced learning with adequate nutrition. Cephalocaudal development is the first trend, with the head and brain developing first, followed by the trunk, legs, and feet. The second trend is proximodistal development, which means that growth progresses from gross motor movements such as learning to lift one’s head to fine motor movements such as learning to pick up a toy with the fingers.

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