IS THERE AN IDEAL DIET
Author: gostjobles
The study of genetic variability has shown great development in recent times to meet new molecular bases allowing the development of associated diseases, including cardiovascular disease, as well as, reviewing many of the food and nutrition recommendations that have been supported in time.
Food has a special relevance in the so-called epidemiological transition that replaced many traditional diets by diets high in energy, fat, sugar and salt. However, the human organism is the product of years of biological adaptation and evolution that led to the current configuration of our genome, which is characterized by a genetic endowment that is efficient to accumulate fat in times of food abundance (weight gain) . This was determined in pre-agricultural societies where food was readily available and generated a selection of individuals who resisted better the gaps (the thrifty genotype theory). Further development of agriculture allowed them to survive some not so able to handle the lack of food and allowed the existence of individuals with a greater variety of alleles, relaxing the selective pressure of the pre-agricultural stage, ie, allowed the existence of individuals genotypes that allow different levels of energy savings.
This is consistent with those observed in some population groups (American Indians and Polynesians) and also some individuals who mishandle the excessive intake of energy and show a higher prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
Also the existences of conditions that can cause food shortages for the fetus in the beginning of life (pregnancy) may determine that it develop different strategies and metabolic changes that enhance and secure their chance of survival. However, this individual will present changes in their health when in the course of life received an average power, given that their metabolic adaptation will not properly handle excess supply, so you are more likely to develop diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular (thrifty phenotype theory). Therefore, the indication of power should consider the background of the first stage of life and that will be different depending on each person.
Thus, theories of thrifty genotype and phenotype illustrate us on the need of a diet differentiated individuals, and that considering the evolutionary background and early development, we can conclude that one diet does not have the same effect on people and need to know the particularities of each individual when making dietary recommendations.
Should also be considered as an argument for the necessity of individual diets, the existence of variations within a single gene, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that makes a person different from another and determines a greater or lesser risk to develop some diseases, for example, the gene for the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of 5.10 to 5-metiltetahidrofolato metilentetahidrofolato, the cosubstrate for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. When a change in the DNA for SNP genotypes generated in some thermolabile version of the enzyme showed less activity, which increases the level of serum homocysteine and thereby an increased cardiovascular risk by atherogenic and thrombotic properties homocysteine. This polymorphism genotypes generated, some of which have higher homocysteine levels and require higher levels of folate than the others, to achieve an adequate level of homocysteine and cardiovascular risk limit, showing this example, which needs folate will differ depending on individuals and the general recommendations for folate are not appropriate for these individuals, so it should be based on individual requirements. There is then an ideal diet for large groups of people, and then the diet should vary depending on the characteristics of people and the result to be attained.
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